Indian Civilization and Culture Class 12 PDF
Indian Civilization and Culture Summary: Class 12th English Question Answer PDF
Author Name : Mohan Das Karamchand Gandhi
The extract Indian Civilization and Culture focuses on Indian civilization which is peerless. It reveals the nationalism within Gandhi which impelled him to write about virgin India. The given extract tells us that Indian civilization holds an extraordinary rank among all the cultures. The tendency of our imperial civilization motivates Gandhiji to compare it with rest civilizations which have met their doom.
The civilization of India cannot be vanquished at any cost. All other civilization Have expired or become westernized or are not in their past splendor but India is stead fast and is continuing her stupendous magnificence. Many thrust their suggestions on India but her negation has maintained her glory.
According to Gandhiji, civilization is the way of conduction which guides us to do our duty. Performing duty is a virtue itself and so is following morality. Observing morality is gaining victory over our cravings India is already acquainted with this truth and so there is nothing for India to learn. Our mind is giddy, it always remains unsatisfied and its desires never come to an end. Our ancestors kept control on their passions and remained happy and content. Our ancestors forbade us to run after luxuries. They n\knew we can be happy and healthy with the usage of our hands and feet. They did not prefer cities as they knew there would be prostitution and exploitation. They knew that wealth in inferior than knowledge. Our ancestors lived independent life in peace and enjoyed true home rule. The Indian civilization promotes the dignity of being but western civilization promotes dissipative people. Gandhiji says that only thing he had learn from modern civilization is that we should keep away from it. Modern civilization means worship of materialism. This civilization mainly focusses on material it suits only the west. The western civilization instigates us towards unlimited carvings but eastern civilization keeps a strict command on wants. Modern inventions give us transient pleasure and we under the influence of west, are in danger of exchanging good with transitory happiness. Hinduism has not credit of the trifling inventions but it has the credit of foundation of the soul and the spirit. We are dazzled by western culture. Indian civilization has seen the fall of many ancient civilizations but it never tried to copy any other. Copying the west means ruining our civilization which is still in its glory. The Europeans now have become slaves of comfort and luxuries not their masters. Plain living ad high thinking should be our motto. It is in vain to run after high living in Civilization basically means promoting of happiness joy and capability of service.
Lastly, Gandhiji says that physical comfort is necessary, but only to a certain extent. If we believe in multiplying our needs are fulfil our needs.
Indian Civilization and Culture Question Answer PDF
Q: What do you know about Gandhiji?
Ans: Mohan Das Karamchand Gandhi was born in the year 1869. He is called as Bapu and Mahatma by the population. He is the “Father of the Nation” as he succeeded in using not violence and truth as a shar for the British and played a major role in freeing India from the clutches of dependency. He died on 30 January 1948 during a prayer assembly. He wrote his autobiography under the title of “My Experiments with Truth”. He Also wrote down his views for Young India. He was involved in many movements and gave many slogans.
Q: What did Gandhi do for the farmers in Bihar?
Ans: After returning from Africa, Gandhiji visited Champaran, in North Bihar and saw the miserable state of farmers there. He was shocked to find that the farmers were forced to give high taxes. If they were unable to pay, their lands were seized. Indigo farming was practiced on those fields only to make the land barren. He launched a satyagrah against the indigo planters. He went to the Lord of Patna and announced there that he and the people of Champaran would not have even a morsel of food until this unjust rule was taken back. At last, on the sixth day from the announcement, Lord took back the rule. In this way Gandhiji helped the farmers of Bihar.
Q: What do you understand by civilization and culture?
Ans: Civilization is the mode of conduct which shows and guides us to do our duty. Performing duty is a virtue itself. It is based on morality. Observing morality is like gaining victory over our unsteady mind. The Gujarati word for civilization means good conduct. Culture is the product of processes of intermixing of local tradition with ideas from different parts of the subcontinent. It is the mixture of traditions and consecration which continue to transfer from generation to generation.
Q: What do our holy Scriptures tell us about universal human values?
Ans: Our holy scriptures tell us about universal human values that we should be of good character and conduct. These scriptures teach us to be loving affectionate, friendly, kind, trust worthy, honest and hospitable. Even after progressing very much, we should never forget our origin.